The variety of bariatric surgical procedures carried out worldwide will increase yearly and has lately exceeded 685,000. Over 50% of those are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass accounts for a further 30%.
Bariatric/metabolic surgical procedure seeks to realize not solely weight reduction and the remission of comorbidities, resembling diabetes mellitus kind II, arterial hypertension, sleep apnea, danger of most cancers, non-alcoholic liver steatosis, and so on., but in addition enhancements within the affected person’s high quality of life. SG is especially a restrictive process consisting of the resection and removing of a significant a part of the abdomen, which has a further affect on hormones resembling Ghrelin and Glucagon-like Peptide 1.
The first a part of this text focuses on affected person preparation earlier than a bariatric process with necessary and further examinations to lower the affected person’s danger. Next, the surgical method itself, together with positioning of the affected person, positioning of the trocars and associated suggestions and methods, and the postoperative course are described.
The second half discusses the outcomes of SG, together with weight reduction, remission of comorbidities and high quality of life. Further doable acute issues of SG resembling leaks, bleeding or stenoses in addition to long-term issues (reflux, weight regain and malnutrition) and respective remedies are additionally described.
Sleeve Gastrectomy: Surgical Technique, Outcomes, and Complications
In conclusion, SG is an efficient process for weight reduction with a low danger for the affected person to develop malnutrition. In phrases of post-operative care, common check-ups are very important to make sure a optimistic final result in addition to for the early detection of doable points. Reflux and weight regain are widespread points with SG in a long-term follow-up; thus, sufferers must be chosen fastidiously for this process.
Pre-operative Renal Artery Embolization in Laparoscopic Radical and Partial Nephrectomy: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Renal Tumors
Despite being extensively adopted, the laparoscopic method to radical and partial nephrectomy remains to be burdened by excessive charges of hemorrhagic issues, which require blood transfusions and conversion to open surgical procedure with elevated morbidity.
While pre-operative renal artery embolization (PRAE) can stop intraoperative blood loss and vascular accidents, its prophylactic use remains to be a matter of debate. This research evaluated the protection and efficacy of PRAE in overcoming the principle pitfalls of laparoscopy, that are associated to the absence of tactile suggestions.
Data from 48 sufferers who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for most cancers (34 laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and 14 “off-clamp” laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) after selective and superselective PRAE, respectively) have been retrospectively evaluated.
The general median blood loss was 50 ml and solely 2 sufferers (4%) required one unit of blood merchandise. While conversion to open surgical procedure was not required within the LPN group, one case within the LRN group was transformed to open surgical procedure as a result of intraoperative incoercible bleeding from an unrecognized, and thus not embolized, aberrant inferior polar artery. Post-embolization syndrome occurred in 7 sufferers (15%), leading to gentle flank ache and nausea.
No sufferers within the LPN group skilled new onset of acute renal failure.Our expertise helps pre-operative renal embolization as a secure, minimally invasive process that’s efficient for decreasing perioperative bleeding within the laparoscopic setting.
The frequency of pathogenic/doubtless pathogenic (P/LP) germline mutations in most cancers-related genes amongst youngsters with most cancers in extremely consanguineous populations will not be nicely studied.Whole-exome sequencing of germline DNA was carried out in 60 youngsters with acute leukemia.
We used the St. Jude Pediatric Cancer Variant Pathogenicity Information Exchange (PeCanPIE) knowledge portal for the classification of germline variants by the St. Jude Medal Ceremony pipeline.Fifty-seven sufferers had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and three sufferers had acute myeloid leukemia. Parental consanguinity was current in 27 (45%) sufferers. All sufferers have been of Arab ancestry.
Three sufferers (5%) had a historical past of most cancers of their siblings. Five sufferers (8.3%) had P/LP germline mutations in most cancers-related genes. Three sufferers with B-ALL had heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TP53, BRCA1, and BRCA2; one affected person with B-ALL had homozygous pathogenic mutation in PMS2; and one affected person with T-ALL had LP homozygous mutation in AK2 that was related to reticular dysgenesis.
Among sufferers who had historical past of parental consanguinity, three (11%) had P/LP germline mutations in contrast with two (8%) within the absence of parental consanguinity.
Fourteen (23%) sufferers had gold medal variants in most cancers-related genes, 13 have been heterozygous, and one was homozygous. Silver medal variants have been current in 35 (58%) sufferers; all have been heterozygous besides one homozygous.
Children with acute leukemia in Saudi Arabia had low frequency of P/LP mutations in most cancers-related genes regardless of the excessive price of consanguinity. Larger research utilizing whole-genome sequencing are wanted to additional discover the heritability of childhood leukemia.